Name: ________________________ S.S. No. _________________ Grade: ____________

Instructions: Closed book, closed notes. Use engineering paper. When you are finished, staple your work in sequence (1 to 4), and return this sheet with your work.

1. (20%) A hydraulically wide channel is operating at Froude number F = 0.12. The unit-width discharge is q = 2 m²s^-1. What are two Langrange celerities?

2. (20%) A hydraulic jump occurs in a rectangular channel with a design discharge of q = 1 m² s^-1. The energy loss is ΔE = 2 m. What are the initial and sequent depths?

3. (20%) You are observing the rising flood stage of a major river. At your observation point, at a certain time the discharge is 250 m³ s^-1, and the stage is rising at the rate of 55 mm hr^-1. The surface width of the river at this point, and for several kilometers upstream, is 65 m. What is your quick estimate of the present discharge at a point located 6.2 km upstream of your observation point?

4. (40%) Please answer each question in one clear and concise paragraph:

   • What is the range of Manning's n measured by USGS and published in Barnes' book and http://manningsn.sdsu.edu?

   • What is the exponent of the discharge-area rating under laminar flow conditions?

   • What is the difference between the Seddon and Lagrange celerities?

   • Under Chezy friction in hydraulically wide channels, what Froude number will cause roll waves to develop?

   • What is the principle behind the design of the labyrinth spillway?

   • What is the difference between kinematic, diffusion, and dynamic waves?

   • Other things being equal, which channel diffuses more: a steep or a mild? A narrow or a wide? Why?

   • What was Cunge's major contribution to unsteady open-channel hydraulics?