Name: ____________________ Red ID _______________ Grade: _______

Instructions: Closed book, closed notes. Use engineering paper. When you are finished, staple your work in sequence (1 to 4), and return this sheet with your work.

1. (20%) Calculate the energy loss in a hydraulic jump, given the sequent depths y₁ = 0.6 m, and y₂ = 2.8 m. Use the hydraulic jump energy loss formula.

2. (20%) A hydraulically wide channel is operating at Froude number F = 0.2. The unit-width discharge is q = 2 m²s^-1. What are two Langrange absolute celerities?

3. (20%) You are observing the rising flood stage of a major river in a study reach AB of length 11 km. At your observation point at the downstream point B, the discharge is 500 m³ s^-1 and the stage is rising at the rate of 5 mm hr^-1. The surface width of the river in the study reach is 180 m. What is your estimate of the present discharge at point A? How could you improve the estimate?

4. (20%) What are the four factors affecting the development of a kinematic shock? Explain in detail.

5. (20%) Please answer each question in one clear and concise paragraph:

   • Under what Froude number (for Chezy friction in hydraulically wide channels) do all wave types (kinematic, diffusion, mixed kinematic-dynamic, and dynamic waves travel with the same celerity and do not attenuate?

   • What is Prof. Ponce's contribution to the concept of hydraulic diffusivity originated by Hayami for diffusion waves and extended by Dooge to dynamic waves?

   • What are three ways in which the Seddon formula can be expressed? Which one is more often used in practice? Why?

   • Where are tidal waves more likely to form?