- (20%)
In July of 1976, it rained 6 in in 6 hours in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains.
The Big Thompson river, near Loveland, Colorado, experienced a record flood event, most likely near the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF).
The canyon is wide, and the walls are steep.
Provide a quick estimate of the flow depth (m) and velocity (m/s).
Assume critical flow prevailed during the passage of the flood.
Assume the largest possible discharge per unit of width.
- (20%) The overflow spillway at Turner reservoir, in San Diego County, is 8 ft wide. On February 24, 2005,
after several days of heavy rain, the head over the spillway was 5 in.
What is your best estimate of the discharge? Assume a suitable discharge coefficient.
- (20%) An high overflow spillway has a downstream slope of 0.6 H to 1 V. The friction factor of smooth concrete (1/8 of Darcy-Weisbach) is f = 0.004.
What is the prevailing Froude number?
- (40%) Please answer the following questions in a brief statement.
- What two celerities does the Vedernikov number relate?
- What is the difference between a kinematic shock and a tidal bore?
- Why is the velocity close to zero near the bottom of a channel?
- Why is the unit-width approach to open-channel hydraulics important?
- What four forces are used in the analysis of open-channel flow?
- What is a flux? How does energy differ from momentum? In what specific case does both energy and momentum apply?
- What is the minimum value of Froude number to avoid channel clogging with sediment?
- What is the value of Manning n used by the South Florida Water Management District for Everglades surface-water modeling?
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