Name: ______________________ S.S. No. ________________ Grade: _______

1. With reference to the diffusion wave modeling of catchment dynamics, why does the diffusion wave method (Muskingum-Cunge) provide grid independence for a wide range of resolution levels, while the kinematic wave method does not?

2. What are the three issues surrounding the kinematic wave controversy? Please explain each in detail.

3. What is topology in the context of a catchment model?

4. Why is the dynamic extension to the hydraulic diffusivity of kinematic-diffusion waves correct from the standpoint of hydrodynamics?

5. What two kinds of errors arise in numerical modeling? Explain which one is related to stability, and which one to convergence.

6. In numerical modeling, what is the difference between convergence (in the sense of O'Brien et al) and consistency?

7. What is the purpose of the weighting factor used in implicit numerical schemes of partial differential equations?

8. Why does the Muskingum-Cunge method work best at Courant number equal to 1? What happens for Courant greater than 1? For Courant less than 1?

9. What are the parameters used in amplitude and phase portraits of implicit numerical models of shallow wave water propagation?

10. What are the differences between explicit and implicit schemes? Which one is better? Why?

11. What two types of boundary conditions arise in two-dimensional groundwater modeling? Explain.

12. Describe the role of convective inertia and bottom friction in the numerical specification of circulation in two-dimensional depth-averaged flow.