Name: ______________________ S.S. No. ________________ Grade: _______

1. Compare the celerity and attenuation properties of kinematic, diffusion, dynamic, and inertial (gravity) waves. Do dynamic waves exist in the real world? Do kinematic waves exist in the real world? Explain.

2. What do overland flow and slow-rising flood waves have in common that they lend themselves to description by kinematic and diffusion wave models?

3. Describe the importance of the reference channel length L_o [the distance along the channel in which the water-surface elevation falls by an amount equal to its depth] in unsteady flow in open channels.

4. What is the main message of Cunge's paper on the Muskingum method?

5. How does the variable-parameter Muskingum-Cunge method differ from its constant-parameter counterpart?

6. Describe the physical and numerical conditions under which the Muskingum-Cunge method is applicable and accurate.

7. What definition of Courant number would you use in flood routing computations?

8. Under what conditions would flood wave steepen? Under what conditions would they attenuate?

9. How does cross-sectional shape determine hydrodynamic stability? Explain. What is the Froude number for neutral stability of an inherently stable channel?

10. Why is dam-breach propagation likely to result in the same flood discharge at a certain distance downstream, regardless of the breach discharge? What physical parameter determines whether this distance is short or long?

11. Under what four physical conditions is the kinematic shock more likely to develop?

12. In surface water modeling, why is it better to neglect both inertia terms instead of just one?