Problem 4-1

The following snow-chart and hypsometric data have been measured in a certain catchment:

Elevation (%)			0			10			20			30			40			50			60			70			80			90			100
Cumulative Area (%)			0			24			40			52			66			77			82			86			95			98			100
Snow-water equivalent (mm)			3			3			3			4			4			5			5			7			7			8			8

Determine the catchment's overall snow-water equivalent.

Problem 4-2

Given the following stream gaging data, calculate the discharge.

Vertical no.			1			2			3			4			5			6			7			8			9			10			11
Distance to reference point (m)			15			20			25			30			35			40			45			50			55			60			65
Sounding depth (m)			0.0			0.6			0.9			1.3			1.6			2.6			3.1			2.1			1.3			0.8			0.0
Velocity at 0.2 depth (m/s)			0.0			0.5			0.7			0.9			1.2			1.4			1.7			1.3			0.9			0.7			0.0
Velocity at 0.8 depth (m/s)			0.0			0.3			0.5			0.7			0.9			1.1			1.4			1.1			0.7			0.5			0.0

Problem 4-3

A certain substance is introduced at point A of a stream at the rate of 100 L/s with a concentration of 12,000 ppm. At a downstream point B, after complete mixing, the concentration of the substance is measured to 15 ppm. Calculate the stream discharge.

Problem 4-4

Calculate the flood discharge of Clearwater River by the online slope-area method, given the following data: upstream flow area A_u = 4022 m², upstream wetted perimeter P_u = 770 m, upstream α_u = 1.17, downstream flow area A_d = 3353 m², downstream wetted perimeter P_d = 714 m, downstream α_d = 1.21, fall F = 0.45 m, reach length L = 1,598 m, and reach Manning's n = 0.032.